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Three-phase traffic theory is an alternative theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002.〔(Boris S. Kerner, "Experimental Features of Self-Organization in Traffic Flow", Physical Review Letters, 81, 3797-3400 (1998) )〕〔(Boris S. Kerner, "The physics of traffic", Physics World Magazine 12, 25-30 (August 1999) )〕〔(Boris S. Kerner, "Congested Traffic Flow: Observations and Theory", Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1678, pp. 160-167 (1999) )〕 It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways. Kerner describes three phases of traffic, while the classical theories based on the fundamental diagram of traffic flow have two phases: ''free flow'' and ''congested traffic''. Kerner’s theory divides congested traffic into two distinct phases, ''synchronized flow'' and ''wide moving jam'', bringing the total number of phases to three: # Free flow (''F'') # Synchronized flow (''S'') # Wide moving jam (''J'') The word "wide" is used even though it is the length of the traffic jam that is being referred to. A phase is defined as a ''state in space and time.'' == Free flow (''F'') == In free traffic flow, empirical data show a positive correlation between the flow rate (in vehicles per unit time) and vehicle density (in vehicles per unit distance). This relationship stops at the maximum free flow with a corresponding critical density . (See Figure 1.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Three-phase traffic theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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